Encyclopaedia Britannica, art., "Whale."

E. G. Boulenger, Queer Fish, p. 183.

Frank T. Bullen, Cruise of the Cachalot, pp. 53, 221.

Popular Encyclopaedia, art. "Oesophagus"; and Encyclopaedia Britannica, art., "Sperm Whale."

A Lecture on the Psychology of Animals Swallowed Alive by Sir John Bland Sutton, President Royal College of Surgeons.

Herman Melville, Moby Dick, pp. 401, 415; also Cruise of the Cachalot, p. 54.

Robert Kinnes and Sons, Dundee; so also Officials at S. Kensington Museum; and Queer Fish, p. 182.

"The contrast between the two animals (sperm whale and Mysticetus or right whale) is most marked, so much so in fact that one would hardly credit them with belonging to the same order.

"Popular ideas of the whale are almost invariably taken from the right whale, so that the average individual generally defines a whale as a big fish which . . . cannot swallow a herring. Indeed so lately as last year [this was written in 1898] a popular M.P. writing to one of the religious papers allowed himself to say that 'Science will not hear of a whale with a gullet capable of admitting anything larger than a man's fist'---a piece of crass ignorance which is also perpetrated in the appendix to a very widely distributed edition of the Authorized Version of the Bible. This opinion, strangely enough, is almost universally held, although I trust that the admirable models now being shown in our splendid Natural History Museum at South Kensington will do much to remove it" (Cruise of the Cachalot, p. 191; cf. similar statement in Queer Fish, p. 182).

Cruise of the Cachalot, pp. 221, 342.

S. Kensington Museum Records. "Guide to Whales," etc., p. 20 (publ. 1922).

Cruise of the Cachalot, p. 77; see also p. 342, and Queer Fish, p. 182.

Sixty-Three Years of Engineering by the late Sir Francis Fox, p. 295. Cruise of the Cachalot says "Fifteen feet," p. 276.

Queer Fish, pp. 181 and 186.

Moby Dick, p. 368; Queer Fish, p. 181.

Sixty-Three Years of Engineering, p. 300. So far from fatal to animal life is it to be swallowed by a fish that the porcupine fish (diodon) not only has been found floating alive in the stomach of a shark, but has been known to eat its way out through the greater fish's side. See Sutton's lecture; also Queer Fish, p. 43: "None the worse for his Jonah-like experience."

Sixty-Three Years of Engineering, pp. 298-300. The possibility is suggested also in The Cruise of the Cachalot.

A copy of the Massachusetts Gazette Boston Post Boy and Advertiser No. 738, Boston. Monday, Oct. 14th, 1771, can be seen at any time in the Public Library at Boston, U.S.A. That is to say it is contemporaneous history undisputed at the time. The actual quotation verified in 1926 from the original on the spot by thoroughly reliable public authority is as follows: "We hear from Edgartown that a vessel lately arrived there from a Whaling Voyage, and that on her Voyage, one Marshal Jenkins with others, being in a Boat that struck a Whale, she turned and bit the Boat in two, took said Jenkins in her mouth and went down with him; but on her rising threw him into one Part; from whence he was taken on board the vessel by the crew, being much bruised; and that in about a Fortnight after, he perfectly recovered. This account we have from undoubted authority."

This is the regular method by which the sperm whale is accustomed constantly to rid itself of awkward and indigestible objects that it has swallowed, as for instance the horny beaks of giant cuttlefish which, if retained, it covers with a waxy substance called ambergris. See Queer Fish, p. 185: "When dying the cachalot always ejects the contents of his stomach." Cf. also Cruise of the Cachalot, p. 77.

The first part of this period can be clearly visualized by comparing Herman Melville's description of the method usually followed: "When a captured sperm whale after long and weary toil is brought alongside late at night 'the vast corpse' has to be 'tied by the head to the stern and by the tail to the bows' with 'heavy chains' and then 'It is not customary to proceed at once to the exceedingly laborious business of cutting him in.' 'The common usage is to . . . send everyone below to his hammock till daylight'" (Moby Dick, chap. LXIV. and beginning of chap. LXVI).

Others, though less plausibly, have supposed that the "great fish" in question was the "Sea Dog" (Carcharodon carcharias), which "is found in all warm seas. It is said to reach a length of 40 feet and to be the most voracious of all sharks" (Records of British Museum (Natural History) South Kensington). There is a record of one caught that had swallowed a sea lion. And Oken and Muller, quoted by Keil, state that in the year 1758 a sailor fell overboard from a frigate in the Mediterranean and was swallowed by one the sea dogs, and that the captain of the vessel ordered a cannon on the deck to be fired at the fish, which being struck by the ball, vomited up the sailor alive and not much hurt.

The tradition appears to pervade the locality. Close to "Tyrrell's Ford" are also Avon-Tyrrell Farm and Avon-Tyrrell Cottage; and a disused forge where it is said that Tyrrell had his horse shod on his flight to the coast. Further till within very recent years the village of Avon-Tyrrell had to pay a fine (say three pounds per annum) to the Crown ever since the death of Rufus, for allowing Walter Tyrrell to escape his deserts by crossing the Avon at the ford.

Matt. 24:16. John 1:14, 8:40, 14:6, 18:37.

In His direct prophecies of His death the phrase used in Matt., Luke and John is "the third day" (Matt. 16:21, 17:23, 20:19. Luke 9:22, 18:33, 24:7. John 2:19). In Mark, according to the R. V. readings it is "in three days" (Mark 8:31, 9:31, 10:34), the two phrases being obviously intended to be identical in meaning. In all the passages about "destroy this Temple" the phrase used is "in three days" in Matt. and John alike.